Vietnam
Vietnam Country Profile (World Bank)
Status under International Climate Change Law
- UNFCCC: signature (11 June 1992) and ratification (16 Nov. 1994)
- KP: signature (03 Dec. 1998) and ratification (25 Sept. 2002)
- Quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment: NA
- Vienna Convention: accession (26 Jan. 1994)
- Montreal Protocol: accession (26 Jan. 1994)
- LRTAP: NA
- Energy Charter: NA
- Energy Efficiency Protocol: NA
- Espoo Convention: NA
- 2030 commitment: 8% reduction (25% conditional) below BAU by 2030
- INDC summary – includes LULUCF and gases covered (Center for Climate and Energy Solutions 2015)
- INDC summary – includes adaptation and conditions for implementation (Climate Policy Observer 2016)
Federal Laws on Climate Change
Climate Change
- Decision No. 158/2008/QD-TTg Approving the National Target Program on Response to Climate Change(2008) [English] to set out the master plan for sustainable economic development
Air protection
Energy
- No. 50/2010/QH12 Law on Economical and Efficient use of Energy (2010) [Vietnamese] to promote policies that encourage organizations and households to use energy sustainably
- Decision No. 1855/QD-TTg Approving Vietnam’s National Energy Development Strategy up to 2020, with a Vision Toward 2050 (2007) [English] to promote the expansion of nuclear energy generation and consumption to between 15 and 20% of the national energy mix
- Decision No. 177/2007/QD-TTg Approving the Scheme on Development of Biofuels up to 2015, with a vision to 2025 (2007) [English] to promote and induce industry level production of biofuels
- No: 79/2006/QĐ-TTg Decision Approving the National Strategic Program on Energy Saving and Effective Use (2006) [Vietnamese] to encourage and require household level energy savings through efficient usage
- Decision No. 265/QD-TTg Approving the Scheme on Building Research and Development and Technical Assistance Capacity for Atomic Energy Development and Utilization and Safety and Security Assurance(2010) [English]
- Decision No. 37/2011/QD-TTg Providing the Mechanism to Support the Development of Wind Power Projects in Viet Nam (2011) [English] to outline the plan for wind development and provide economic incentives for expansion
- Decision No. 957/QD-TTg Approving the Master Plan on Peaceful Development and Utilization of Atomic Energy Through 2020 (2010) [English]
Forests and Land Use
- Decision No. 799/QD-TTg on Prime Minister Approval of Vietnam’s REDD+ National Action Plan (2012) [English] to participate in the United Nation’s REDD program, which seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by mitigating deforestation and degradation
- No. 117/2010/ND-CP Decree on Organization and Management of the Special-Use Forest System (2010) [English] to designate certain forests as “special-use” protected areas for conservation, research, or historical significance
- Decision No. 2730/QD-BNN-KHCN Promulgation of the Climate Adaptation Framework Action (2010) [English] to promote agricultural development and adaptation strategies accounting for the threat of climate change
Environmental Impact Assessment
- Circular No. 04/2012 Stipulating Criteria for Identification of Establishments Causing Environmental Pollution or Serious Environmental Pollution (2012) [English] to outlines the broad assessment standards for a wide variety of environmental issues
Others
- Law on Environmental Protection (2005) [English] to outline environmental standards, waste standards, etc
National Plans, Programs and Initiatives
- Viet Nam Assessment Report on Climate Change (2009) [English] – Produced by Viet Nam with funding and technical assistance from the United Nations.
- No: 2139/QĐ-TTg National Strategy on Climate Change (2011) [English] – signature climate legislation that outlines the overarching strategy of climate adaptation and transition to a sustainable economy
- No: 1393/QD-TTG Green Growth Strategy (2012) [English] to ensure sustainable economic growth and accelerating economic transition by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, cleaning production methods, and creating more sustainable lifestyles
Government Documents
- UNFCCC Submitted National Communication (2003) [English]
- UNFCCC Submitted National Communication (2010) [English]
- Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (2015) [English]
Additional Resources
- Viet Nam (USGS Climate Change Working Group)
- Viet Nam Statistics (International Energy Agency)
- Viet Nam Assessment Report On Climate Change (VARCC) (Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural Resources and Environment, UNEP, and Ponre Viet Nam) (2009)
- Vulnerability, Risk Reduction, and Adaptation to Climate Change: Vietnam (World Bank) (2011)
- Publications
- Bingxin Yu et al.,Toward a Typology of Food Security in Developing Countries, in International Food Research Policy Institute, (Discussion Paper 2010)
- Kelley, Patrick A, Naval War College, Climate Change and Vietnam, in Naval War College Newport RI Joint Military Operations Department, 1-24, (Research Paper 2013)
- Thao, Nguyen Danh, Hiroshi; Miguel Esteban, Coastal Disasters and Climate Change in Vietnam, Book, (Butterworth-Heinemann in 2014)
- Adger, W. Neil. “Social Vulnerability to Climate Change and Extremes in Coastal Vietnam.” World Development 27.2 (1999): 249-69.
Summaries of legislation compiled from Nachmany, M., et al. 2014. “The GLOBE Climate Legislation Study: A Review of Climate Change Legislation in 66 Countries. Fourth Edition.” London: GLOBE International and the Grantham Research Institute, London School of Economics.
Updated as of: April 25, 2016