Singapore
Singapore Country Profile (World Bank)
Status under International Climate Change Law
- UNFCCC: signature (13 June 1992) and ratification (29 May 1997)
- Kyoto Protocol: ratification (12 April 2006)
- Quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment: NA
- Vienna Convention: accession (5 Jan 1989)
- Montreal Protocol: accession (5 Jan 1989)
- LRTAP: NA
- Energy Charter: NA
- Energy Efficiency Protocol: NA
- Espoo Convention: NA
- 2030 Commitment: 36% reduction of emissions intensity below 2005 levels by 2030; stabilize emissions with the aim of peaking around 2030.
- INDC summary – includes LULUCF and gases covered (Center for Climate and Energy Solutions 2015)
- INDC summary – includes adaptation and conditions for implementation (Climate Policy Observer 2016)
Federal Laws on Climate Change
Air protection
- Environmental Protection and Management (Vehicular Emissions) Regulations (No. S 291/1999) (1999) [English]
- Environmental Protection and Management (Air Impurities) Regulations (No. S 595/2000) (2000) [English]
Energy
- Energy Conservation Act (No. 11 of 2012) (2012) [English]
- Electricity Act (Act No. 10 of 2001) (2001) [English]
Forests and Land Use
- Parks and Trees Act (2005) [English]
Others
- Environmental Protection and Management Act (Chapter 94A) (1999) [English]
- National Environmental Agency Act (Act No. 4 of 2002, Chapter 195) (2002) [English]
National Plans, Programs and Initiatives
- Singapore’s National Climate Change Strategy (National Climate Change Committee) (2008) [English]
- Climate Change & Singapore: Challenges. Opportunities. Partnerships: National Climate Change Strategy(Singapore National Climate Change Secretariat) (2012) [English]
- National Energy Policy Report (Energy Policy Group (2007) [English]
- Sustainable Development Blueprint (Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources and Ministry of National Development) (2015) [English]
- Singapore Green Plan 2012 (Minister for the Environment and Water Resources) (2006) [English]
- National Climate Change Secretariat (Prime Minister’s Office Singapore) [English]
Local, State, and Regional Legislation and Initiatives
- Clean Development Mechanism (National Environment Agency)
Government Documents
- Third National Communication to the UNFCCC (2014) [English]
- Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (2010) [English]
- Second National Communication to the UNFCCC (2010) [English]
- First National Communication to the UNFCCC (2000) [English]
- Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) (2015) [English]
Additional Resources
- Singapore Profile (Climate Action Tracker) (2015)
- Singapore’s Climate Change Strategy – Recent Developments (International Partnership on Mitigation and MVR)
- Overview of the Energy Situation in Singapore and Singapore’s Carbon Dioxide Emissions Per Capita and Carbon Intensity (Low Carbon Singapore) (2009)
- Environmental Statistics Snapshot (United Nations Statistics Division) (2013)
- Singapore’s Climate Change Policy: The Limits of Learning (Natasha Hamilton-Hart, Contemporary Southeast Asia) (2006)
Updated as of: April 22, 2016